 
Lecture-based Reading: 
Literalism and Tropes
- Aristotle (1991) 	
On Rhetoric: A Theory of Civic Discourse (trans. George A Kennedy). New York: Oxford University Press
- Brooks, Cleanth & Warren Robert Penn (1979) 
Modern Rhetoric (4th Edn). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
- Chandler, Daniel (1994) 'Rhetorical Tropes', in Semiotics for Beginners. [WWW document] 
URL 
http://users.aber.ac.uk/dgc/Documents/S4B/sem07.html
- Chandler, Daniel (2001) 
Semiotics: The Basics (1st Edition). London: Routledge, Chapter Four: 'Challenging the Literal'
- Chandler, Daniel (2007) 
Semiotics: The Basics (2nd Edition). London: Routledge, Chapter Four: 'Challenging the Literal'
- Corbett, Edward P J	(1990)	
Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student (3rd Edn).	New York: Oxford University Press
- Forceville, Charles (1998) 
Pictorial Metaphor in Advertising. London: Routledge
- Handa, Carolyn (Ed)	(2004)	
Visual Rhetoric in a Digital World.	Boston, MA: Bedford/St Martin's
- Hill, Charles A & Marguerite Helmers (Eds)	(2004)	
Defining Visual Rhetorics.	Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
- Kostelnick, Charles & Michael Hassett	(2003)	
Shaping Information: The Rhetoric of Visual Conventions.	Carbondale, IL: Southern llinois University Press
- Lakoff, George & Mark Johnson	(1980)	
Metaphors we Live By. Chicago: Chicago University Press
- Lanham, Richard A	(1991)	
A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms (2nd Edn).	Berkeley, CA: University of California Press
- Lodge, David	(1996)	
The Modes of Modern Writing: Metaphor, Metonymy and the Typology of Modern Literature.	London: Arnold
- Ortony, Andrew (Ed.)	(1979)	
Metaphor and Thought.	Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- Pollio, Howard R (Ed)	(1993)	
Metaphor and Visual Rhetoric: Special Issue of Metaphor and Symbolic Activity.	Hillsdale, NJ: Sage
- Scott, Linda M & Rajeev Batra (Eds)	(2003)	
Persuasive Imagery: A Consumer Response Perspective.	Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
- Sloane, Thomas O (Ed)	(2001)	
Encyclopedia of Rhetoric.	Oxford: Oxford University Press
- Stafford,. Barbara Maria	(2001)	
Visual Analogy: Consciousness as the Art of Connecting.	Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
- States, Bert O.	(1988)	
The Rhetoric of Dreams.	Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press
- White, Hayden	(1987)	
The Content of the Form: Narrative Discourse and Historical Representation.	Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press