Biases of the Ear and Eye

        Daniel Chandler

        References and further reading

        • Ackerman, Diane (1990): A Natural History of the Senses. London: Chapmans
        • Anderson, James A & Timothy P Meyer (1988): Mediated Communication: A Social Action Perspective. Newbury Park, CA: Sage
        • Arieti, Silvano (1976): Creativity - The Magic Synthesis. New York: Basic Books
        • Ballard, Edward Goodwin (1978): Man and Technology. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press
        • Baumann, Gerd (Ed.) (1986): The Written Word: Literacy in Transition Oxford: Oxford University Press
        • Berger, Peter L & Thomas Luckmann (1967): The Social Construction of Reality. New York: Anchor/Doubleday Bloomfield, Leonard (1933): Language. New York: Rinehart & Winston
        • Bruner, Jerome S (1966): 'Culture and Cognitive Growth'. In Jerome S Bruner, R R Olver & P M Greenfield (Eds.): Studies in Cognitive Growth. New York: John Wiley
        • Bruner, Jerome S, Jacqueline S Goodnow & George A Austin (1956): A Study of Thinking. New York: John Wiley
        • Carpenter, Edmund (1976): Oh, What a Blow That Phantom Gave Me! London: Paladin
        • Carpenter, Edmund & Marshall McLuhan (Eds.) (1960): Explorations in Communication. Boston: Beacon Press
        • Chappell, Warren (1970): A Short History of the Printed Word. New York: Dorset Press
        • Chaytor, H J (1967): From Script to Print. New York: October House
        • Clanchy, Michael T (1979): From Memory to Written Record: 1066- 1307. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
        • Classen, Constance (1993): Worlds of Sense: Exploring the Senses in History and Across Cultures. London: Routledge
        • Eisenstein, Elizabeth L (1980): The Printing Press as an Agent of Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
        • El Saffar, Ruth (1991): 'The Body's Place: Language, Identity, Consciousness' in Gronbeck, Farrell & Soukup, op. cit.
        • Farrell, Thomas J (1991): 'Secondary Orality and Consciousness Today' in Gronbeck, Farrell & Soukup, op. cit.
        • Febvre, Lucien & Henri-Jean Martin (1984): The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing 1450-1800. London: Verso
        • Finnegan, Ruth (1988): Literacy and Orality: Studies in the Technology of Communication. Oxford: Basil Blackwell
        • Goody, Jack (Ed.) (1968): Literacy in Traditional Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
        • Goody, Jack (1977): The Domestication of the Savage Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
        • Goody, Jack (1987): The Interface between the Written and the Oral . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
        • Graff, Harvey J. (1987): The Labyrinths of Literacy. London: Falmer
        • Greenfield, Patricia M (1972): 'Oral or Written Language', Language and Speech 15: 169-78
        • Greenfield, Patricia M (1984): Mind and Media: The Effects of Television, Computers and Video Games. London: Fontana
        • Gronbeck, Bruce E, Thomas J Farrell & Paul A Soukup (Eds.) (1991): Media, Consciousness and Culture: Explorations of Walter Ong's Thought. Newbury Park, CA: Sage
        • Gusfield, Joseph (1981): The Culture of Public Problems: Drinking-Driving and the Symbolic Order. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
        • Hamilton, Walter (trans) (1973): Plato: Phaedrus & Letters VII and VIII. Harmondsworth: Penguin
        • Harding, D W (1974 [1963]): Experience into Words. Harmondsworth: Penguin
        • Harris, Roy (1986): The Origin of Writing. La Salle, IL: Open Court
        • Havelock, Eric (1963): Preface to Plato. Cambridge, MA: Belknap/ Harvard University Press
        • Heller, Agnes (1984): Everyday Life (trans G L Campbell). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul
        • Hibbitts, Bernard J. (1992): '"Coming to Our Senses": Communication and Legal Expression in Performance Cultures', Emory Law Journal 41(4): 874-959
        • Hibbitts, Bernard J. (1994): 'Making Sense of Metaphors: Visuality, Aurality, and the Reconfiguration of American Legal Discourse', Cardozo Law Review 16(2): 229-356
        • Illich, Ivan & Barry Saunders (1988): The Alphabetization of the Popular Mind. Harmondsworth: Penguin
        • Inglis, Fred (1990): Media Theory: An Introduction. Oxford: Basil Blackwell
        • Innis, Harold (1951): The Bias of Communication. Toronto: University of Toronto Press
        • Jackson, Holbrook (1946): The Reading of Books. London: Faber & Faber
        • Josipovici, Gabriel (1982): Writing and the Body. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
        • Koestler, Arthur (1970a [1964]): The Act of Creation. London: Pan
        • Koestler, Arthur (1970b [1967]): The Ghost in the Machine. London: Pan
        • Lecercle, Jean-Jacques (1990): The Violence of Language. London: Routledge
        • Levi-Strauss, Claude ([1962] 1974): The Savage Mind. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson
        • Lord, Albert B (1960): The Singer of Tales. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
        • Lowe, Donald (1982): History of Bourgeois Perception. Brighton: Harvester Press
        • McLuhan, Marshall (1962): The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul
        • McLuhan, Marshall (1964): Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. New York: Mentor
        • McLuhan, Marshall (1969): Counterblast. London: Rapp & Whiting
        • McLuhan, Marshall & Quentin Fiore (1967): The Medium is the Massage. New York: Bantam
        • McLuhan, Marshall with Wilfred Watson (1970): From Cliche to Archetype. New York: Viking Press
        • McLuhan, T C (1972): Touch the Earth: A Self-Portrait of Indian Existence. New York: Pocket Books
        • McMurtrie, Douglas C (1989): The Book: The Story of Printing and Bookmaking. London: Bracken Books
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        • Moore, Terence & Chris Carling (1988): The Limitations of Language. London: Macmillan
        • Olson, David (1994): The World on Paper: The Conceptual and Cognitive Implications of Writing and Reading. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
        • Olson, David R & Nancy Torrance (Eds.) (1991): Literacy and Orality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
        • Ong, Walter (1967): The Presence of the Word: Some Prolegomena for Cultural and Religious History. New York: Simon & Schuster
        • Ong, Walter J (1977): Interfaces of the Word. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press
        • Ong, Walter ([1978] 1983): 'Literacy and Orality in Our Times' in Winifred B Horner (Ed.): Composition and Literature: Bridging the Gap. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
        • Ong, Walter (1982): Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. London: Methuen
        • Ong, Walter (1986): 'Writing is a Technology that Restructures Thought' in Gerd Baumann (Ed.), op. cit.
        • Polanyi, Michael (1969): Knowing and Being. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
        • Postman, Neil ([1970] 1973): 'The Politics of Reading' in Nell Keddie (Ed.): Tinker, Tailor...: The Myth of Cultural Deprivation. Harmondsworth: Penguin
        • Postman, Neil (1979): Teaching as a Conserving Activity. New York: Dell
        • Postman, Neil (1993): Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology. New York: Vintage
        • Riviere, J (1958): 'A Character Trait of Freud's'. In J D Sutherland (Ed.): Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Thought. London: Hogarth
        • Romanyshyn, Robert D (1989): Technology as Symptom and Dream. London: Routledge
        • Sanderson, George & Frank Macdonald (Eds.) (1989): Marshall McLuhan: The Man and his Message. Golden, CO: Fulcrum
        • Scribner, Sylvia & Michael Cole (1981): The Psychology of Literacy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
        • Small, Christopher (1982): The Printed Word: An Instrument of Popularity. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press
        • Steinberg, S H (1974): Five Hundred Years of Printing. Harmondsworth: Penguin
        • Street, Brian V (1984): Literacy in Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
        • Synnott, Anthony (1993): The Body Social: Symbolism, Self and Society. London: Routledge
        • Williams, Raymond (Ed.) (1981): Contact: Human Communication and its History. London: Thames & Hudson
        • Woodward, Kathleen (Ed.) (1980): The Myths of Information: Technology and Post-Industrial Culture. Madison, WI: Coda Press

        Daniel Chandler
        UWA 1994

        The preferred form of citation for the online version of this paper is as follows:

        • Chandler, Daniel (1994): 'Biases of the Ear and Eye: "Great Divide" Theories, Phonocentrism, Graphocentrism & Logocentrism' [WWW document] URL http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/litoral/litoral.html [Date of Visit]

        Contents

        • Contents Page
        • 'Great Divide' Theories
        • Phonocentrism
        • Graphocentrism
        • Logocentrism
        • References and Further Reading